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Underway temperature and salinity data was collected along the cruise track with two autonomous measurement systems.Usually the active (measuring) and passive (cleaning) systems are swapped every 6 hours. During the cruise the interval was changed to 12 hours. While temperature is taken at the water inlet in about 6.5 m depth, salinity is derived from conductivity and interior temperature within the interior measurement container. Salinity was calibrated independently for both measurement containers (MCs) with direct samples. Temperature was calibrated against CTD data. Except one, all CTD casts were conducted during active periods of MC1. Therefore only the temperature for MC1 was calibrated. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report. Salinity Offset MC1 = -0.025145Salinity Offset MC2 = -0.065800Temperature Offset T1 = -0.002384Temperature Offset T2 = n/a

Raw water column data were collected aboard RV METEOR during cruise M191 using a Kongsberg EM 710 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 16.07.2023 – 05.08.2023 from Algeciras (Spain) to Piraeus (Greece) in the Mediterranean. The main objective of M191 was to extensively map the seafloor (with multibeam echo sounder, sediment echo sounder, and towed magnetometer) and sample (by chain bag dredging) unexplored volcanic structures along the Sicilian Channel Rift Zone (Pantelleria-, Malta- and Linosa-Graben) and the Capo-Granitola-Sciacca Fault Zone (CGSFZ).Data were recorded in the Italian and Greek EEZ. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and published according to the FAIR principles. These data should not be used for navigational purposes.

This dataset contains the output of model simulations used in the paper: Scheen, Jeemijn and Stocker, Thomas F., "Effect of changing ocean circulation on deep ocean temperature in the last millennium", Earth System Dynamics Discussions, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-925-2020, 2020 All figures can be reproduced when combining this dataset with the published analysis code. In addition this dataset contains the data behind Fig. 2 of the paper: Gebbie, G. and Huybers, P. : "The Little Ice Age and 20th-century deep Pacific cooling", Science, 363, 70-74, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar8413, 2019 Download either the small (unzipped 5 Gb) or large (unzipped 22 Gb) version of the dataset. Warning: this needs to be loaded into memory when running the notebook. You only need the small version to run the github notebook and reproduce the figures, but you are free to explore additional variables in the large version. Overview of doi's: paper: https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-925-2020 code (analysis and figures): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4022947 data (simulation output): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4022927